These are considered legume-specific phytochemicals, with lentil, pea, and adzuki sprouts as the richest sources.:

1. Daidzein (Isoflavone)

• Phytoestrogen activity: Mimics estrogen, binding preferentially to estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).
• Menopause support: May reduce hot flashes and improve bone density.
• Cardiovascular health: Antioxidant and vascular-protective effects.
• Metabolic balance: Gut bacteria can convert daidzein into S-equol, which enhances benefits for some individuals.

2. Glycitein (Isoflavone)

• Antioxidant and anticancer properties: Helps regulate oxidative stress.
• Hormone regulation: Acts as a phytoestrogen, balancing estrogen levels in both deficiency and excess.
• Bone and cardiovascular support: Similar to daidzein, though less potent.

3. Isovitexin (Flavone C-glycoside)

• Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory: Protects against oxidative stress and inflammation.
• Metabolic support: Early evidence suggests benefits for glucose regulation and cardiometabolic wellness.
• Bone and skin health: Preclinical studies show potential in protecting bone density and skin resilience.
• Legume association: Strongly linked to peas.

4. Vitexin (Flavone C-glycoside)

• Antiplatelet activity: Helps prevent blood clots and supports vascular health.
• Antioxidant: Neutralizes free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative damage.
• Anticancer potential: Shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation in lab studies.
• Metabolic balance: Supports healthy inflammatory response and blood sugar regulation.

5. Saponins

• Cholesterol-lowering: Reduce absorption of dietary cholesterol.
• Immune support: Enhance immune system activity.
• Anti-inflammatory and anticancer: Shown to reduce cancer risk and support bone health.
• Legume abundance: Found in peas, and lentils..

6. Inositol

• Metabolic health: Improves insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control.
• PCOS support: Widely studied for improving fertility and reducing symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Mental health: May reduce anxiety and depression symptoms.
• Cellular function: Essential for cell membrane integrity and signaling.

7. Phytosterols

• Cholesterol reduction: Block absorption of dietary cholesterol, lowering LDL levels.
• Heart health: Reduce risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Weight and metabolic support: May help prevent obesity and diabetes.
• Legume richness: Legumes are among the densest dietary sources.

NOTE: A 7-year study showed a strong link between consuming beans and living longer.